Trauma abdominal contuso por golpe con manubrio de bicicleta: evaluación y tratamiento / Blunt abdominal trauma due to handlebar injury

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los accidentes en bicicleta son una causa frecuente de trauma abdominal contuso en pediatría. En Chile no existen publicaciones científicas que traten sobre las lesiones abdominales por manubrio de bicicleta, su presentación y manejo. OBJETIVO: Describir tres casos clínicos de trauma abdominal contuso provocados por manubrio de bicicleta en niños, ilustrar las distintas lesiones observadas, sus formas de presentación y manejo. CASOS CLÍNICOS: 1) Paciente masculino, 11 años, consulta tras golpe con manubrio de bicicleta en epigastrio; en la Tomografía Computada (TC) de abdomen y pelvis se describió neumoretroperitoneo. Se realizó laparotomía exploradora, reparándose una perforación duodenal. 2) Paciente masculino, 14 años, consulta tras golpe en el hipocondrio izquierdo con el manubrio de la bicicleta; en la TC se evidenció fractura esplénica con múltiples laceraciones. Por la presencia de sangrado activo se trató con angioembolización, lográndose resolución de la lesión y viabilidad del órgano luego de 6 semanas de seguimiento. 3) Paciente masculino, 9 años, ingresó tras sufrir golpe con manubrio de bicicleta en el hipocondrio derecho. En TC se observó una laceración hepática, que fue manejada de forma expectante, con resolución de la lesión luego de 8 semanas de seguimiento. Todos los pacientes tuvieron una evolución favorable. CONCLUSIÓN: El trauma abdominal contuso por golpe con manubrio de bicicleta puede ser potencialmente grave en pacientes pediátricos, pudiendo afectar órganos sólidos y vísceras huecas. El manejo no quirúrgico cada vez es más utilizado, logrando altas tasas de éxito en pacientes estables. Los pacientes inestables o en los que se sospeche perforación de víscera hueca, requerirán cirugía como primera aproximación.

INTRODUCTION: Bicycle accidents are a frequent cause of blunt abdominal trauma in children. In Chile, there are no scientific articles about such accidents, their presentation and management. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe three cases of blunt abdominal trauma due to handlebar injury in children, in order to illustrate the different kinds of lesions, their presentation, and management. CLINICAL CASES: 1) 11-year-old boy presented to Emergency Department (ED) after falling on a bi cycle handlebar, hitting his epigastric region. A CT scan showed signs of duodenal perforation. A la parotomy was performed and the duodenal perforation repaired. 2) 14-year-old boy seen at ED after a bicycle accident in which the handlebar hit him in the abdomen area. A CT scan showed a splenic injury with multiple lacerations and active bleeding that was treated with angioembolization. After 6 weeks of follow-up, he presented resolution of the lesion and viability of the spleen. 3) 9-year-old boy admitted due to a hit with the bicycle handlebar on the abdomen area. A CT scan showed a he patic injury that was managed with non-surgical procedures, achieving resolution of the lesion after 8 weeks of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Blunt abdominal trauma caused by handlebar can be potentially serious in pediatric patients, since it may affect solid and hollow abdominal viscera. Non-surgical ma nagement is becoming more used for stable patients, achieving high success rates. Unstable patients or those with suspicion of hollow viscera perforation will require surgery as first approach.

Blunt abdominal trauma due to handlebar injury. / Trauma abdominal contuso por golpe con manubrio de bicicleta: Evaluación y tratamiento.

INTRODUCTION: Bicycle accidents are a frequent cause of blunt abdominal trauma in children. In Chile, there are no scientific articles about such accidents, their presentation and management. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe three cases of blunt abdominal trauma due to handlebar injury in children, in order to illustrate the different kinds of lesions, their presentation, and management. CLINICAL CASES: 1) 11-year-old boy presented to Emergency Department (ED) after falling on a bi cycle handlebar, hitting his epigastric region. A CT scan showed signs of duodenal perforation. A la parotomy was performed and the duodenal perforation repaired. 2) 14-year-old boy seen at ED after a bicycle accident in which the handlebar hit him in the abdomen area. A CT scan showed a splenic injury with multiple lacerations and active bleeding that was treated with angioembolization. After 6 weeks of follow-up, he presented resolution of the lesion and viability of the spleen. 3) 9-year-old boy admitted due to a hit with the bicycle handlebar on the abdomen area. A CT scan showed a he patic injury that was managed with non-surgical procedures, achieving resolution of the lesion after 8 weeks of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Blunt abdominal trauma caused by handlebar can be potentially serious in pediatric patients, since it may affect solid and hollow abdominal viscera. Non-surgical ma nagement is becoming more used for stable patients, achieving high success rates. Unstable patients or those with suspicion of hollow viscera perforation will require surgery as first approach.

[Differential diagnosis and minimally invasive surgery of an antenatal adrenal mass]. / Diagnóstico diferencial y cirugía mínimamente invasiva de un tumor suprarrenal de hallazgo antenatal.

INTRODUCTION: Adrenal masses are uncommon in newborns. The differential diagnosis includes be nign masses (adrenal hemorrhage, extralobar pulmonary sequestration) and malignant ones (neuro blastoma) that may be a finding during an obstetric ultrasound. The use of complementary imaging methods allows a better diagnosis approach during the postnatal period, with implications for the management of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a female newborn with diagnosis of an adrenal mass, and to discuss differential diagnoses and management alternatives of adrenal lesions in newborns. CASE REPORT: Two-month-old female infant, referred for adrenal tumor study diagnosed at 22 weeks gestational age. Postnatal ultrasound showed a tumor compatible with neuroblastoma. The patient was asymptomatic, and the laboratory studies showed no relevant findings. The lesion was excised by laparoscopy. A histological study confirmed pulmonary sequestration. CONCLUSIONS: Extralobar pulmonary sequestration should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an adrenal mass in the newborn. Minimally invasive surgery should be the preferred surgical technique choice in these cases, given the technical feasibility and benefits in the recovery and cosmetic issues of the patient.

Diagnóstico diferencial y cirugía mínimamente invasiva de un tumor suprarrenal de hallazgo antenatal / Differential diagnosis and minimally invasive surgery of an antenatal adrenal mass

Resumen: Introducción: Las masas suprarrenales en recién nacidos son infrecuentes. El diagnóstico diferen cial incluye masas benignas (hemorragia suprarrenal o secuestro pulmonar extralobar) y malignas (neuroblastoma), y pueden ser un hallazgo durante la ecografía obstétrica. El uso de imágenes com plementarias en el periodo postnatal permite una mejor aproximación diagnóstica, con implicancias en el manejo de estos pacientes. Objetivos: comunicar el caso de una recién nacida portadora de una masa suprarrenal, discutir los diagnósticos diferenciales y el manejo de lesiones suprarrenales en recién nacidos. Caso Clínico: Lactante de 2 meses de edad, derivada para estudio de tumor supra rrenal de diagnóstico antenatal a las 22 semanas de edad gestacional. El estudio imagenológico con ecografía postnatal mostró un tumor compatible con neuroblastoma. Paciente asintomática, estudios de laboratorios sin hallazgos relevantes. Se realizó resección laparoscópica de la lesión. El estudio histológico confirmó un secuestro pulmonar. Conclusión: El secuestro pulmonar extralobar debe ser considerado en el diagnóstico diferencial de una masa suprarenal del recién nacido. La cirugía mínimamente invasiva debiera considerarse como el abordaje de elección en casos como este, donde existe factibilidad técnica y beneficios en la recuperación y secuelas cosméticas del paciente.

Abstract: Introduction: Adrenal masses are uncommon in newborns. The differential diagnosis includes be nign masses (adrenal hemorrhage, extralobar pulmonary sequestration) and malignant ones (neuro blastoma) that may be a finding during an obstetric ultrasound. The use of complementary imaging methods allows a better diagnosis approach during the postnatal period, with implications for the management of these patients. Objective: To report the case of a female newborn with diagnosis of an adrenal mass, and to discuss differential diagnoses and management alternatives of adrenal lesions in newborns. Case report: Two-month-old female infant, referred for adrenal tumor study diagnosed at 22 weeks gestational age. Postnatal ultrasound showed a tumor compatible with neuroblastoma. The patient was asymptomatic, and the laboratory studies showed no relevant findings. The lesion was excised by laparoscopy. A histological study confirmed pulmonary sequestration. Conclusions: Extralobar pulmonary sequestration should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an adrenal mass in the newborn. Minimally invasive surgery should be the preferred surgical technique choice in these cases, given the technical feasibility and benefits in the recovery and cosmetic issues of the patient.